To improve the efficiency of your computer, you just need to know most useful keyboard shortcuts Windows. On the Internet you can find huge lists of "hot" keys, but it's hard to remember everything, and it's not necessary.
In this IT tutorial, I will share with you those useful keyboard shortcuts that I use most often.
What are hotkeys?
First, let's figure out what kind of "hot key combinations" we are talking about.
Hotkeys or keyboard shortcut(they are also shortcut keys) are combinations of simultaneously pressed buttons on the keyboard that allow you to quickly perform an action.
That is, by holding down two or three buttons on the keyboard, you replace several mouse actions, thereby significantly speeding up the work at the computer.
Where can you use keyboard shortcuts?
On different operating systems(Windows, Linux, Mac OS) uses different keyboard shortcuts, but some of them are identical.
In most programs hotkeys are also used. Some of them are standard for certain operations (creating a new document, printing), and some are unique for each individual program.
If you constantly use any program, then be sure to familiarize yourself with its hot keys, this will help speed up your work several times!
Useful Windows Keyboard Shortcuts
And now the most useful Windows keyboard shortcuts that I recommend to remember. All of these combinations use "modifier keys" ( Ctrl, Alt, Shift and key Windows):
Every computer user should know this!
These Windows keyboard shortcuts should be known to all PC users, they act both with folders and files, and with text.
"Copy", "Cut", "Paste" keys:
- ctrl+c– copy to clipboard (file, folder or text will remain in the current location).
- Ctrl + X– cut to clipboard (the file, folder or text will be deleted from the current location).
- Ctrl+V– paste from the clipboard (copied or cut files, folders or text will appear in the current location).
"Select All" and "Undo":
To select all the contents of the current folder or all the contents of an open document:
- Ctrl+A- select all.
I hope you already know about these hotkeys, but it will not be superfluous to repeat.
But not everyone knows these combinations:
- Ctrl + Z– cancel the previous action (including copying/moving files).
- ctrl+y– redo the undone action (i.e. opposite to the previous keyboard shortcut).
Working with documents opened in the program
Hotkeys that will save you both time and nerves. Why drag the mouse to the menu " File”, after clicking search for the item “ Create" or " new document” (in most programs, the location and name of the items are different), when you can hold down two keys:
- Ctrl + N– creation of a new document in the program.
When you are typing in Word, you need to save the document often so as not to lose it in case of various failures. But sometimes it’s too lazy to take the mouse once again, look for an icon on the taskbar, or an item in the menu, there is a simple replacement:
- ctrl+s- save the opened document.
These key combinations work in office programs, and in browsers, and in graphic editors; both in Windows and Linux.
Hot keys for working with program windows
When you have many programs open, and in each program there is more than one document, it is not difficult to get confused. But these hotkeys will help you quickly switch between programs.
- Alt + Tab— switching between windows of running programs. Hold Alt and keep pressing Tab to switch to other programs (see ).
- Alt + Shift + Tab- scrolling through open programs in reverse order (the same Alt + Tab, but backwards) with a large list of open programs can be very convenient.
- Ctrl+Tab- switching between tabs of an open window, switching between documents opened in the program (for example, you can quickly switch between two open files in Word).
- Win + 1, Win + 2 ... Win + 0- switching between open programs number on the taskbar. Launching programs pinned to the taskbar (we have already discussed in more detail).
These keyboard shortcuts will help you quickly close unnecessary documents.
- Alt+F4– close the active program.
- Ctrl+F4- closing one document in the program or tab (the program itself continues to work).
Lots of programs open, but need to quickly see the desktop? Please:
- Win+D– minimize all windows and show the desktop (pressing again returns all windows to their place!).
Let's start with the keys that do not need a combination, pressing which individually performs an operation.
- F1- in most programs calls help system("Help" or "Help")
- backspace – jump back in the explorer window and in browsers (the previous open folder or the previous page of the site).
- Tab- every time you press activates another element program windows for keyboard control (open a new browser window and press the Tab key several times, watching where the blinking cursor or selection moves). In text editors, pressing TAB indents text at a standard distance - very convenient, but more on that in one of the future IT lessons.
- Esc – closes dialog boxes, various menus and some programs. Same, undoes an action(if you get lost in the open windows of the program and are afraid to accidentally change the settings, then press ESC until you return to the main window).
- Win- opens and closes menu "".
I have already mentioned some of the listed combinations in previous IT lessons, so as not to load you with a huge list of new combinations today.
Book on keyboard shortcuts
Want to learn more hotkeys? Then leave a useful comment and get a book as a gift"Magic Keyboard Shortcuts"! You can read more about the book.
Almost everyone can now work on a computer, but not all users know how to copy text using the keyboard. But this skill can help save time by not making unnecessary movements with the mouse, but replacing them with a few keystrokes. This name refers to combinations with which it is much easier to use certain functions.
Basically, this method helps people who are actively working with texts - editors, secretaries, journalists. Just a few key combinations make things easier in the future. And it takes no more than a few minutes to memorize them.
Text selection
To select the information that you want to copy, use the Shift key - placing the cursor at the beginning of the text, press it and use the mouse to indicate the required number of characters or lines.
The method works in Word, and in Notepad, and in any other text editor, helping to mark a part of a document of any size - not even fit in one window.
As a result, a selected text is obtained, usually marked in black (if the area has a different color, then in inverse color).
Retrieving Individual Selections
If there should be information between sections of text that does not require copying, the user will need to use the Control key (abbreviated as Ctrl on the keyboard).
Its usual use is to enter special characters, and an additional use is to use combinations to quickly execute commands that usually require several actions. If you use "Ctrl" with the mouse, you can more conveniently copy any area of text:
- Select the desired part of the page;
- Hold down the Ctrl key and move the cursor to the new object;
- Mark another selected text and move on to the next one;
- After selecting all the desired data, release Ctrl.
If you select parts of information without holding down the key, the previous selection will be removed, since the editor defines a mouse click as deleting all previously marked objects. At the same time, the method is suitable not only for text editors, but also for tables like Excel, the cells and columns in which can also be selected in parts - although in this case there may be serious problems with inserting information, the field for which should clearly correspond to the initial one.
Zooming
If the text is located on several sheets that are not visible in one window, it is convenient to use the zoom out option when selecting it. At the same time, the Ctrl key is pressed, and the mouse wheel is scrolled in the direction "on itself". In this way, you can see the entire sheet or even several pages on the screen at the same time.
Highlighting too small text and trying to mark objects as accurately as possible, use the same key and mouse wheel. However, they are already turning in the other direction - “away from themselves”. The same method is used for normal reading of small print.
Copying data
In order to place the selected text on the clipboard, press Ctrl + C. This combination copies the data to memory, which, depending on the type and version of the editor, can contain from 1 to 24 objects inserted as needed into the document.
Moving Information
You can use the Ctrl key not only to select data, but also to quickly move it. There is no need to copy the text if, having selected it, you can simply move it to a new place - while the information will disappear on the old one. In this way, it is convenient to change words when editing (for example, full name, which is written in a different order for this document).
However, if it is necessary not to remove the copied information, but to leave it in the same place, press Ctrl before moving. And now the text is copied - but much faster than using standard methods. Although it is convenient to copy data in this way only if the place of their initial and final placement are on the same page.
Insert text
After the information is selected, you should paste the copied text in the right place. To do this, the cursor is first set, and only then the Ctrl + V combination is pressed. As a result, the text is inserted, sometimes transferring its formatting to the new section. In such a situation, the data is re-formatted, setting the style, font, and alignment.
Features of using "hot keys"
Using the "hot keys", you should know some of the nuances:
- All combinations are pressed exactly in the order indicated. That is, first, for example, Ctrl is selected, and only then V. By pressing the keys at the same time, you may not get the desired result;
- Symbols in combinations are indicated in Latin for ease of use. However, they will work regardless of the keyboard layout.
Conclusion
By learning and remembering the keys used to copy, move and paste the copied text in a document, you can save at least 5-10% of the typing time. Through simple actions, the amount of work performed over a certain period is increased and the level of fatigue obtained during the working or creative process is reduced.
With frequent work with textual information, it is simply necessary to be able to reduce the time of using some operations. Using hot keys and various combinations will make it easier to work with text.
Keys and combinations for working with text
Allocate text using mouse or keyboard:
Move the mouse pointer to the beginning of the paragraph. Hold down the Shift key and press the down key until the end of a paragraph or multiple paragraphs. If the mouse cursor is at the end, then use Shift + "up" 
Document navigation:
moving between words:
Jumps to the beginning and end of the document:
- Ctrl + Home - Moves cursor in Start the entire document
- Ctrl + End - sets the mouse pointer to the end.
If you are working with text information on a MacBook, you can go to the beginning of the line using combinations keys fn + left arrow (the cursor will be placed before the first character in the line), to the end of the line - fn + right arrow.
AT Start/ the end fragment can be accessed by using a combination
fn + ctrl + left/right arrow 
Copying and pasting text from the keyboard
Copy and paste algorithm:
Alternative combinations to copy: Ctrl + Ins (Insert), paste: Shift + Ins.
When using the combinations described above, the original text remains in its place.
The Ctrl + X buttons will help copy the text and remove it from the current position. Selected fragment is cut out(disappears), but it is stored in the clipboard and can be restored to a different position with Ctrl + V. 
The Shift + Del combination deletes the selected fragment without placing it in the buffer, so pasting the cut fragment in this way is impossible. 
Standard way
When working with text documents, there is a standard way to work with text:
Copying text from the Internet
The information contained on the sites is selected in two ways: using Ctrl + A - select everything that is on open page, or with the mouse - the part that is required for copying.
Operations copying and pasting from Internet resources are carried out with using keyboards.
It is worth noting that some sites are protected from copying.
Pasting on the command line
The first way is using the context menu:
Hot keys in command line: to copy - Enter, paste - Ctrl + V, selection - Ctrl + M.
The second way is to install program autohotkey
autohotkey- free program open source for macro creation and automation to simplify repetitive tasks.
The program is available for download on the official website - https://autohotkey.com/download 
In folder " Downloads» file AutoHotKey_1.1.29.01setup.
Run it, allowing you to make changes.
Next, the default installation is the installation with settings. It is usually installed on the C:/Program files/AutoHotKey drive 
Then you can run the program by selecting Run AutoHotKey in the dialog box.
The script for the program can be written:
#IfWinActive ahk_class ConsoleWindowClass
^V::
SendInput (Raw)%clipboard%
return
#IfWinActive
When you press Win+Ctrl+V and Win+Shift+Insert copies information to the clipboard. In the active application Ctrl+V or Shift+Insert - insert information.
Compiling to an executable file - running Ahk2.Exe (Program files/AutoHotKey/Compiler) 
Choose desired file 
Push button Convert
After successful compilation, a dialog box will appear on the screen.
On desktop icon will appear with letter H: 
Run it and the hotkeys are ready to use.
In newer versions of Windows, copy and paste functions in the command line are available in the normal mode Ctrl + C, Ctrl + V. But sometimes this feature is disabled. To activate it need to:
After that, you can use the standard shortcuts when working with the console.
How to save a lot of time and nerves while working on a computer? Read more..
Surely, you have had to copy information more than once while working on a computer.
You selected a piece of text or a picture, clicked on it with the right mouse button and selected "Copy" in the menu that appeared. Then they chose a place to insert, again pressed the right button and chose "Paste".
Simple and clear actions that you repeat many times every day.
Would you like to do all this 3 times faster?
There is a very simple way: hotkey combinations! That is - hot combos (almost like in kung fu :)
You may already know some of these combinations. In fact, there are a great many of them - for all occasions. There are generally accepted ones that work the same way in almost all programs (for example, for copying and pasting). And there are specific to certain programs.
Here I will introduce you to the most useful and commonly used keyboard shortcuts.
Let's start with the simplest - copy and paste.
Let's say you need to copy a piece of text or an image. For this:
1. Select the desired text:
a) press the left mouse button at the beginning of the selected fragment and hold it;
b) without releasing the left button, bring the mouse pointer to the end of the fragment, and then release it.
If this is a picture or another non-text element (for example, a cell in an Excel spreadsheet), then simply click on this element once with the left mouse button.
2. Copy to clipboard.
For copying, there are two options for hotkeys, for the right and for the left hand:
a) If you often use your right hand to work with the keyboard, then perhaps the combination Ctrl + Insert is better for you.
To press a combination of keys, you need to hold down the first of them (usually the Ctrl, Alt or Shift keys), and, without releasing it, press the second one once (in this case, Insert).
The "+" sign itself does not need to be pressed, it simply shows that Ctrl and Insert are pressed together.
On some keyboards, the word Insert is abbreviated to Ins. This is fine:)
b) If it is more convenient for you to have the right hand on the mouse all the time, then it is more logical to use the keys Ctrl + C and the left hand (hold Ctrl and press C once).
I note that there are keyboards with a non-standard key arrangement (for example, on laptops). On such keyboards, it can be problematic to reach with one hand from Ctrl to Insert. In this case, it is better to use the combination Ctrl + C.
3. Specify where you want to paste the copied element (click on the desired location on the screen with the left mouse button).
4. Paste from the clipboard.
For the paste operation, there are also two options for hotkeys, similar to the combinations for copying:
a) Shift + Insert for the right hand.
b) Ctrl + V for left hand.
That, in fact, is all about copying. Despite the complicated description, the process itself takes about 2 seconds.
But the list of extremely useful hot combinations does not end with copying and pasting.
A little less often, but still quite often, we have to move text or other elements instead of copying. To do this, instead of "Copy" we select "Cut".
The hot key combination Ctrl + X is intended for this operation.
The order of work is exactly the same as when copying, but instead of the combinations Ctrl + Insert or Ctrl + C in step 2, we use Ctrl + X.
In some programs (for example, in Word), you can do even easier: select the desired piece of text and simply drag it with the mouse to a new location. If you do not want to transfer it, but copy it, then hold down the Ctrl key while dragging.
There are also programs (Total Commander and others), in which, on the contrary, to copy, it is enough to drag the selected element with the mouse, and to move it, you need to hold down Shift.
If something goes wrong (for example, you inserted a piece of text in the wrong place) and you want to undo the last operation, you can use the Ctrl + Z combination.
The Ctrl + Z combination works in the same way as the "Cancel" button in text editors. But since this button is not easily accessible in all programs, this combination can save a lot of time.
I would even like to add that sometimes this combination is simply irreplaceable, for example, if you entered your data on a website on the Internet and accidentally erased it.
Sometimes more difficult situations happen. Let's continue the previous example: you entered your data in a certain column on the site, made some kind of change in them, and then canceled them with the Ctrl + Z keys. Then you suddenly realized that you canceled in vain and you need to return the changes you made.
In this case, the combination Ctrl + Y ("Return") will come to the rescue. It will "undo the undo", that is, it will return what was undone.
That's practically everything for the most versatile and necessary hotkey combinations.
Another one is probably worth mentioning: Win + D. Here, Win is the button with the Windows icon, usually located between the Ctrl and Alt buttons on the bottom row.
The Win + D combination minimizes and maximizes all open windows on your desktop at once. It will be convenient if you need to quickly free your desktop or hide a toy running in the window from the boss who comes up :)
Let's take a look at all the keyboard shortcuts we've discussed so far:
- Copy: Ctrl + Insert and Ctrl + C
- Paste: Shift + Insert and Ctrl + V
- Cut: Ctrl + X
- Undo: Ctrl + Z
- Return: Ctrl + Y
- Minimize/Maximize All Windows: Win + D
As one joke said: "Remember, or better - write it down!", and you will be happy :)
P.S. It is allowed to freely copy and quote this article, provided that an open active link to the source is indicated and the authorship of Ruslan Bogdanov is preserved.
P.P.S. If these key combinations seem insufficient to you, read the article "Ode to Punto Switcher", about the wonderful program Punto Switcher, which can do THIS with text....